As part of my graduate studies I am at the network and meet new people portion in attempts to eventually be a productive member of the recreation, leisure and tourism community, as well, to obtain gainful employment. This past week I attended the
Recreations Connections conference in Winnipeg and enjoyed all the keynote speakers and the break-out sessions. Usually there are one or two presenters that don't meet the expectations that you may have, but this conference was an exception. We heard about the
National Recreation Summit, the first of its kind held in Lake Louise in October 2011. Professionals, students and educators met to discuss the future of recreation and leisure in Canada, in hopes of developing a vision and strategy to improve the current commitment and understanding of the field by governments, organizations and the general public. It was an interesting review by one of the key-note presenters
Brian Johnston.
At Recreation Connections I also learned the difference concerning the roles and responsibilities of volunteer boards, the High Five program, and continued to learn about nature deficit disorder. A term coined by Richard Louv, it addresses the broadening gap between nature and humans. We as humans are not spending enough time in nature and this is most evident in our teenagers and children. Not only is little commitment to including natural spaces in large urban development an issue, but children are playing on concrete courts, with plastic swing sets and slides, and metal play structures. There are some schools who are moving to create nature gardens in order to alleviate the issues that nature deficit disorder can cause, but we need to ensure that children, teens and we are accessing nature in its most basic forms in order to continue to develop into healthy, productive, understanding individuals.
These are the two books written by Richard Louv and I would suggest you grab a copy, give it a read, then take a group of friends and family out into nature. Then again, a solo trip is also as enjoyable as an excursion with others. We also need to ensure that our neighbourhoods make natural spaces a priority, including natural parks, forests, rivers, streams, etc.
Below is part of a paper I wrote last year based on
Parks Canada and the need to study why people visit our provincial and national parks in order to create experienced based recreation that meets visitor needs, in order to increase the number of people visiting our amazing parks system. Have a read, then get up and go out and enjoy some nature today!
Nature Deficit Disorder
In
essence, as our world becomes more urbanized with fewer natural and groomed
spaces therein, and access to larger, natural spaces appear more remote, we
begin to experience what has been labeled nature-deficit-disorder or biophobia
(its opposite is biophilia). This
is the discomfort or aversion to nature and the natural world, which is on the rise
in post-modern society, and is subtle as this disconnect is slow for many
adults and children (Condon, 2008).
There are individual and social repercussions to the loss of contact
with nature, particularly when studying children, which may influence children
to have poorer co-ordination, loss of self-discovery, antisocial and aggressive
behaviour, less unstructured play, loss of boundary formation, and less
physical knowledge about the world (Condon, 2008). These skills are important in the development of the
individual and point to a new continuum identified to help researchers understand
the divide between biophobia and biophilia. This model places the individual on a continuum with people
who focus on and enjoy living things and life like processes at the biophilia
end; as compared to the biophobia’s end, the people who “culturally
acquire…[the] urge to affiliate with technology, human artifact, and solely
with human interests regarding the natural world” (Orr, 1993, p. 416; McVay,
1993). The two most important
points to grasp about this continuum is the ability to make regular, learned,
culturally influenced choices about one’ degree of contact with nature, which
leads to the second choice, one’s individual movement along the nature-contact
axis.
Urbanization
is not the only forerunner to this social change (Condon, 2008), as researchers
have pointed to the causes of the lack of contact with nature. These include the removal of nature
from community and school playgrounds; fear or injury or loss of a person;
potential litigation of a person is hurt on public or private property, lack of
government initiatives to preserve space; undervaluing of childhood play;
commercial entities that advertise to children (Condon, 2008). As North Americans we are also spending
more time inside structures and buildings (ie. home, work, school, cafés, restaurants,
movie theatres, etc), and less time in the natural world. A large portion of recreation and
leisure time for many people has become electronic-based with computers, video
games (online and console), movies, Internet, which requires access to
electricity, objects of play, and demarcated inside places of
entertainment. Another influence
is the aestheticization of people’s lives as we begin to use objects of
consumption as signs and symbols to demarcate ourselves from others, for
example, the public wearing of ear-buds or large earphones, the café culture
and free WiFi use therein. These
elements of life also distract a person away from the outside environment to
spend more time in the inner sanctuary of the mind or gazing at small objects such
as mobile devices. These changes
in our social world have widened the divide between the inner lives we lead
through technology, and increasingly insular world in which we ignore or do not
find significance in the natural world around us.
Interestingly
nature and parks can have positive influences on individual lives and the
social world. Research has
demonstrated that visual images of nature have the power to calm the physiology
of people including lowering stress; interactive zoo animals held the interest
of children diagnosed with ADHD who began to associate with the animals as kin;
and children asked adults to teach them respectful ways to treat animals rather
than fear or revile them (Katcher & Wilkins, 1993; McVay, 1993). It is these kinds of stories and
academic research that Parks Canada can use to set the stage for healthy and
enjoyable visits, which will lead to an increased sense of place in national
parks.
References
Condon, M. (2008). Why Kids Don’t Run Free? In Play and Folklore,
4(50).
Katcher, A. and Wilkins, G. (1993). Dialogue with Animals: Its nature and culture. In S.R. Kellert & E.O. Wilson (Eds.),
The Biophilia Hypothesis (pp.
173-200). Washington, D.C: Island
Press.
McVay, S. (1993). Prelude:
“A Siamese Connexion with a Plurality of Other Mortals”. In S.R. Kellert & E.O. Wilson (Eds.),
The Biophilia Hypothesis (pp. 3-19). Washington, D.C: Island Press.
Orr, D.W. (1993). Love It
or Lose It: The coming biophilia revolution. In S.R. Kellert & E.O. Wilson (Eds.), The Biophilia Hypothesis (pp. 415-440). Washington, D.C: Island Press.
